Scientific Sources & References
How we reference scientific literature, pharmacology handbooks, and laboratory standards across our compound guides.
1. Core Reference Categories
While the mathematical formulas on our site (such as volumetric liquid conversions and syringe tick mark calculations) are deterministic, non-arithmetic information such as compound stability profiles, storage conditions, and half-life estimates is compiled from three primary categories of scientific data:
A. Peer-Reviewed Biomedical Literature
Published studies indexed in PubMed, NCBI, ScienceDirect, and major medical journals covering peptide chemistry, pharmacokinetics, synthetic amino acid stability, and receptor affinity studies.
B. Established Pharmacology & Pharmacopeial Reference Texts
Standard pharmaceutical handbooks (e.g., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, USP monographs) governing sterile reconstitution procedures, antimicrobial preservative efficacy (such as 0.9% Benzyl Alcohol in Bacteriostatic Water), and storage degradation thresholds.
C. Analytical Certificates of Analysis (CoA) & Manufacturer Specifications
Laboratory technical sheets and HPLC/MS assay documentation specifying lyophilized peptide purity, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) salt content, and solubility thresholds.
2. Inline Citations on Individual Compound Pages
This page serves as an overarching structural overview of our reference standards. Specific factual claims (such as exact terminal elimination half-lives, recommended reconstituted shelf-life in days at 2°C–8°C, or molecular weights) are cited directly on individual calculator pages such as our Retatrutide Calculator, Tirzepatide Calculator, and BPC-157 Calculator.
To learn more about how literature sources are reviewed, updated, or corrected, please visit our Editorial Policy or contact us via our Contact Page.